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Kaibab Limestone
The Kaibab Limestone is a resistant cliff-forming, Permian geologic formation that crops out across the U.S. states of northern Arizona, southern Utah, east central Nevada and southeast California. It is also known as the Kaibab Formation in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. The Kaibab Limestone forms the rim of the Grand Canyon. In the Big Maria Mountains, California, the Kaibab Limestone is highly metamorphosed and known as the Kaibab Marble.〔〔
==Nomenclature==
The Kaibab Limestone was named by Darton〔 in 1910 for the Kaibab Plateau, which is on the north side of Grand Canyon in Coconino County, Arizona. In his definition of the Kaibab Limestone formation, no type locality was designated. He also designated the Kaibab Limestone as the upper formation of the Aubrey Group, a now-abandoned stratigraphic unit. In 1921, Bassler and Reeside revised Darton's work and defined the Harrisburg Member of the Kaibab Limestone.〔Bassler, H., and J. B. Reeside, Jr., 1921, ''Oil prospects in Washington County, Utah, Chapter C.'' in D. White and M. R. Campbell, eds., pp. C87-C107, Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1921, Part II.--Mineral fuels. Bulletin no. 726. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.〕 In his 1938 monograph on the Toroweap Formation and Kaibab Limestone of northern Arizona,〔McKee, E. D., 1938, ''The environment and history of the Toroweap Formation and Kaibab formations of northern Arizona and southern Utah.'' Publication, no. 492. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC. 268 pp.〕 McKee split Darton's original ''Kaibab Limestone'' into the currently recognized ''Kaibab Limestone'' and ''Toroweap Formation.'' He also revised Kaibab Limestone's lower contact and divided it into informal (descending) alpha, beta and gamma members. Later in the 1970s, it upper contact was revised and its aerial extent were defined. Also, unsuccessful attempts were made to raise the formation to group rank and divide it into several formations. In 1982, Warren Hamilton renamed it as the as Kaibab Marble in and determined its areal extent for California.〔Hamilton, W. H., 1982, ''Structural evolution of the Big Maria Mountains, northeastern Riverside County, southeastern California.'' in E. G. Frost and D. L. Martin, eds., pp. 1-27, Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Colorado River region, California, Arizona, and Nevada. Cordilleran Publishers, San Diego, California, United States. 608 pp.〕 In 1991, Sorauf and Billingsley subdivided the Kaibab Limestone into (ascending) Fossil Mountain Member (new) and Harrisburg Member.〔Sorauf, J. E. and G. H. Billingsley, 1991, ''Members of the Toroweap and Kaibab Formations, Lower Permian, northern Arizona and southwestern Utah.'' The Mountain Geologist, 28(1):9-24.〕 They designated the strata comprising McKee's alpha (or upper) member as the Harrisburg Member and the strata comprising McKee's beta (or middle) member as the Fossil Mountain Member. The Fossil Mountain Member was named for Fossil Mountain along the south rim near the Bass Trail. McKee's gamma member is considered to be part of the Fossil Mountain Member. Later research has further redefined the regional extent of the Kaibab Limestone.〔〔〔
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